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ATO Systems: Never Top Off Manually Again

reefsy

reefsy

February 13, 2026

Why an ATO Is Essential

Water evaporates from reef tanks constantly — only pure water evaporates, so salt stays behind and salinity rises. Miss a day of manual top-offs, especially in summer, and salinity creeps up. An ATO (Auto Top-Off) detects the water level drop and pumps in RODI water automatically, keeping salinity rock-solid.

How They Work

Optical sensors detect water level using light refraction — more reliable than float switches and less prone to salt creep issues. Float switches are cheaper but can get stuck. The better systems include safety features: maximum run time limits, secondary high-water sensors, and alarm notifications.

What to Buy

Budget (£20–40): Jebao/Jecod ATO units — basic but functional, single optical sensor

Mid-range (£50–100):

  • Tunze Osmolator 3155 (~£80–100) — The gold standard. Dual sensor system with optical + float backup. A common recommendation for most reefers
  • AutoAqua Smart ATO — Compact with built-in pump

Premium (£100+): Neptune Apex ATO, XP Aqua Duetto

Evaporation Rates (UK Conditions)

  • Winter: 1–3 litres/day for a 200L open-top tank
  • Summer: 3–6+ litres/day

A 300L system in a warm room can go through 20–25L per week in summer.

Common Mistakes

  • Using saltwater in the ATO — Only ever use RODI water
  • No failsafe — A stuck sensor can overflow the sump and flood the room
  • Ignoring the reservoir — An empty reservoir means no top-off and rising salinity

Browse ATO systems from UK sellers — Tunze Osmolators are built to last, making used ones a smart buy.

What ATO system are you using? Any tips for reliability?

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